Avalanche Safety Lessons Learned II

 

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More Avy Lessons Learned

Story and Photos by Kurt "Dirtbag Pinner" Knisely

Cedar Breaks National Monument, Utah
 

I headed out after work on a Friday, leaving Orem and rolling down Interstate 15. Probably the most dangerous part of the entire trip occurred, and given the later events this says a lot, while passing a tractor-trailer after hitting 2" of snow on a pass, north of the 70/15 interchange at 80mph. It was white knuckle time.

After 3 beers followed by a restful night's sleep in Beaver, I cruised up Utah Route 153 towards the Elk Meadows ski area (formerly Mt. Holly) on Saturday. This was my first trip up the 22 mile road. It was very scenic and mostly snowpacked the whole way. Upon arriving at the ski area I promptly got stuck below a hill that my all-season tires could not handle. A guy in an Elk Meadows Ford Explorer pulled up to help create a track for my car. He drove my car, I drove his Exploder.

Finally, skiing. Nice! Maybe 6" of fresh on a consolidated base of rocks and shrubs, but this was a SW facing slope that you had to take just to get down to the ski area "base". Of course I had already spied a good place to ski and started skinning in that general direction. The ski area was not open, but tracks from other riders and skiers were visible. Then skinning up a snowmobile track for a while, post-holing the rest of the way up to the Tushar Ridge, still using skins on my skis. I say post-holing because of the unconsolidated base. No snowpit was necessary: I was sinking thigh deep into the sugar snow. Using a ski pole I was unable to isolate a column without it settling down upon itself. Got in 4 runs of about 700-800 vert each. There were no slides visible, but the ski area is generally under 35 degrees (average high 20s to the low 30s), so I didn't expect any action. But boy, was the snow ever unconsolidated. And there was only 6" of fresh on top too.

Here is a link to a map of the area. I skied NW of the "plus", "+", mark on the map and under the lift.

After driving down to Parowan that evening, I enjoyed 3 more beers and this time a restless night's sleep (some guy was trying to get into my room at nearly midnight). I almost made it through "The Beast" on TV, but not quite. Coffee, an orange, some beef jerky for breakfast and I was fighting traffic up State Route 143 to Brian Head. Stopping in the ski shop above the lift ticket office to find out where to do some backcountry skiing, the guy there was almost useless, but he did tell me that they now plowed the road all the way over the pass to Cedar Breaks...cool! Off I went to the Pass. Here is another map of the area.

I parked my car at a pullout that the local snowmobile crowd uses on the east side of the road. The cross-country skiers use another on the west side of the road. A form of self segregation it appears. Since it was early, there weren't many 'bilers around, so I crossed about a mile of flats and headed up the ridge towards the Brian Head peak proper. About halfway up, the strafing by snowmobiles began (sometimes within 20 ft! and there are miles and miles of available terrain up there). After climbing over a small cornice, only one more 'biler came close, by then I was into rocks and steeper terrain, so there were no more motorized issues. There were some very cool chutes coming off the SW side of the peak, but very firm windblown snow and lots of rocks kept me off the slope. I bagged the peak, took some pictures of the structures up top, and enjoyed a nice view of Cedar Breaks. Then I skied down the south-east slope next to the snowmobile highmark tracks. Only about 4 turns were in the 30+ degree range and other than that, it was very mellow terrain. A traverse around to the main highmark bowl and after hitting lots of rocks, icy snowmobile tracks and a long traverse, I headed back to the highway, only to cross over into the Wilderness area next to the guardrail above "Rattlesnake Creek". No rattlesnakes would be seen here today, in fact, no nothing (no tracks) on the west side of the road at all.

It was a fairly flat traverse, no skins needed, instead I just sunk down to my knees in the unconsolidated snow. There was, surprisingly, more snow down here than at Elk Meadows. At least 12" of fresh on top of a thin suncrust/windslab, sometimes supportable, most of the time not. Hearing a whumping sound and realizing the snow was settling all over the place, I KNEW the snow was not very stable, but after skiing terrain in the low 30s the day before, I wasn't too worried. I checked out a number of lines from the plateau down to Rattlesnake Creek, had lunch, and then tried to trigger a wind pillow next to a tree...nothing except a very small slough. A little further west was a nice moderate slope. It was a little steep at the top (it still appeared less than 35 degrees on average), with a nice open low angled (mid-20s) slope below. I jumped in, made 4 turns, made a hard check below a group of small trees and the snow settled around me. Looking up, I could see the outline of where it settled and there was a crack about 10' across with a 10' flank above me. Whew...I shouldn't be here. I had dropped in north-west of the "plus" "+" mark on the above linked Topozone map).

Boy, I was hosed, how was I ever going to skin out of here? A slide would probably be triggered just climbing back out and it would have been two steps forward, one step back in that totally unconsolidated snow. There were just a few more vertical feet (maybe 50 ft.) to get to the low angled (mid-20s) slope below, but it was a little convex, so I started traversing over to a more moderate and less convex slope. I'd make a turn left and check the snow hard. No problem yet. The realization had not yet hit that while traversing left to a more moderate slope, I was also undercutting a steeper slope above. Only two more turns to the left and I hit an unseen tree branch and face-planted. Quickly righting myself, I stood next to a tree. Looking up, I could see where the snow had settled again, this time there was a crack 25' wide. Thinking "heck, I'm next to this tree, I should be OK", I stood there for a minute or so and the crack was getting wider...and wider. I looked at the tree again and noticed that it was DEAD and only about 8" in diameter. Glancing up the hill again, the crack was getting wider at the top and I could see the flank becoming more pronounced, but it hadn't slid yet.

Just to my left there was a group of live GREEN trees and a large dead one below. I took one more turn left and stopped about 5 feet below this dense group of adolescent trees (8" to 10" in diameter). Finishing my turn, I saw that the slope to my left was running... FAST. Very FAST, lots of snow...oh, shit! I could see it wasn't just a little slough, it was at least 60 feet wide and lots of snow was sliding down the slope. At this point, still on my skis, I hadn't started moving much yet, maybe a few inches, but not far. A second later and I WAS moving, the area above the last place I was standing, to my right, was running too. And then I started to move. Not very fast at first, not near as fast as the snow had moved, and was still moving, on either side of me. My right ski popped off and I lost a pole. Just 15' below me was that old dead tree.

There but less than a second to think about what to do. I tried to grab the big dead tree, but couldn't lean over, I was going straight down the fall line and couldn't even lean over a foot or two to grab the trunk! (the snow was up to my mid-chest). That big dead tree had a nice dead horizontal branch hanging down and I thought, damn, this thing is going to break off in my hand. Even though sinking in the snow, I was facing down the hill and was still sorta' standing, I reached up and grabbed the branch with both hands. It held, it was holding. By this time, the snow on either side of me was slowing down and a second or two later it had stopped. The snow was up to my thighs.

 

The tree and branch I grabbed.

Wow, my heart was racing, and I was missing some gear. Down 30' below me was my ski (I rarely pop out of my old Riva bindings), and 15' above me was my missing pole. I decided to hobble down to get my ski first, and then skin up to my pole. With my camera out it was time to shoot pictures of this thing. I could see part of the crown at the top as well as a few small slabs lying around below the crown. It looked big. Skinning up the avalanche path, since it was the safest thing around, the going was tough. Part of this area had been thinned of trees by the forest service (as I would later find out from a patroller at Brian Head), and there was a lot of deadfall and still a foot or two of sugar snow in between the deadfall. It took me a good 45 minutes to skin up and out of there and it was steeper at the top, plus I was still freaking out from the whole ordeal, and skinning up my avalanche path was not a very good way to relax. I must have stopped and clicked off 6-7 pictures on the way up. It didn't really feel safe until I got back up to the plateau above the crown. The crown line varied from one to four feet deep. It must have slid 100' wide all the way down to the creek, a good 400 vertical feet.

Skinning back to the car (about a mile), it began to snow lightly. Now it was much colder than it had been earlier in the day. Finally, I got my boots off and was starting to relax a little, but was nauseous and I felt like vomiting. This must have been some kind of reflexive reaction to a near-death experience. After guzzling a liter of water and while heading back to Brian Head in my car, I stopped along the road and snapped a picture of the slope that had slid, but I couldn't quite see the slide from the road. Not wanting some snowmobilers to report a fresh avalanche to the Sheriff and a get full-scale search and rescue started, I went and reported my incident to the patrol at Brian Head,

The crown looking to the northeast
 

I was lucky, damn lucky. After the slide was over, I was close to dead center in the slide path and just to the right of me was a 10' wide area that did not slide, (probably due to the dense trees above it and the low angle). Obviously, I triggered the first part of the slide from quite a distance away (sympathetically), since the point where I stopped was not steep at all (maybe 20 degrees). The lack of avalanche activity the day before at Elk Meadows, probably didn't help my evaluation, but I should have realized that over a depth hoar base, Brian Head had a lot more snow than Elk Meadows did. Even if I hadn't been buried and suffocated in the slide, with all the timber around, I would have probably broken something and then would have had to crawl back up to the road. With no radio or cell phone, but of course, a shovel (and a helmet), I probably had enough gear and food to spend the night, that is if I could have dug a snowcave with a broken arm or leg. This was my second avalanche of the season, both ran as fairly fresh snow over a depth hoar base, on fairly moderate terrain, near 35 degrees, I know, these are some of the most likely slopes to go. (The other one was near Park City). Having once lived in CO and knowing this depth hoar stuff is dangerous, it doesn't just slough off like the relatively "safe" past few seasons in the Wasatch. Trees are sometimes your friends.

Las Vegas sucks, not going back anytime soon, I don't gamble much and it's just a waste of natural resources, but the mountains in SW Utah look great! I'll going back for some spring skiing sometime, when the snowpack is more predictable.

A view of the crown, to the southwest
 

Post Mortem: Lesson's Learned

Here are some observations and lessons either learned or "reminded of" as a result of this incident:

1) Only ski slopes less than 30 degrees when alone (especially with unstable fresh snow around). Don't push it when skiing solo.

2) Prior ski/board/snowmobile compaction DOES help.

3) Bring a rope, (even on short trips) for belaying snowpits and ski cuts. The rope can also be useful if you need to climb back out of some nasty spot.

4) Depth Hoar underlying a fresh slab can lead to sympathetic slides.

5) Undercutting steeper slopes isn't a good idea, especially during periods of known instability.

6) As usual, use big/dense trees/rocks for islands of relative protection.

7) Slides DO start in the trees, especially near convex features. Don't count on being in the trees to keep you out of trouble. It has often been said that if the trees are wide enough apart to ski through, they are wide enough for a slide to occur.

8) Give the snow a few days to settle after a big dump and before venturing into the mid-30 degree plus terrain.

9) I had my snowpack evaluation correct, I just didn't have my go/no go decision right. As was recently pointed out on the Telemark Talk Forum, this where we usually go wrong, backcountry skiers tend to be goal oriented individuals and abandoning a goal, even a simple solo tour, is sometimes very hard to do.

10) Listen to your gut. Three degrees can make all the difference.

11) I still think driving a car is more dangerous than most BC skiing.

A good image of "cakey" windslab above the crown.

 

Editor's note: As this article illustrates very well, backcountry skiing can be a dangerous, risk-filled sport. Reduce your level of risk by learning all you can, especially about avalanche safety. The information on this website and in its discussion boards should be viewed primarily as entertainment and it is not meant as a substitute for proper training by avalanche professionals. Don't be a dork, stay alive, take an avalanche awareness course. Be prepared or don't go, it's as simple as that!

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